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Sena alphabet (CLDR)
One row per letter in the order of the CLDR Sena alphabet. The accented letters sit straight after their base letter (á à â ã after a, ç after c) and come from the Portuguese the Mozambican locale is built on; everyday Sena words use the plain letters, with pairs such as ch and sh written as two letters (Chipiri, Chishanu).
Quotation marks
Curly double and single quotes for Sena and Portuguese text; ’ is also the typographic apostrophe.
Where it's spoken
Mozambique, home of nearly all Sena speakers in the CLDR estimate, then Malawi (Nsanje and Chikwawa in the lower Shire valley). Neither the metical (MT) nor the kwacha (MK) has a Unicode currency sign.
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The CLDR Sena locale: 39 exemplar characters
CLDR, Unicode's locale data, lists the Sena locale's exemplar characters as a á à â ã b c ç d e é ê f g h i í j k l m n o ó ò ô õ p q r s t u ú v w x y z. The set has the 26 basic Latin letters plus 13 accented forms, for 39 exemplar characters in all. The symbol grid above has their 78 capital and small forms for copying locale text and Portuguese names.
The shape of the list tells its history. CLDR's Sena locale (code seh) was set up for Mozambique, a Portuguese-speaking country, and much of it is Portuguese: its names for countries and languages are the Portuguese ones (Moçambique, África do Sul, Zimbábue, português, inglês), and its money and dates follow Mozambican Portuguese habits. Standard Chisena orthography has about three dozen graphemes, including multiletter forms such as bh, ch, dz, ng’, ny, pf, ps and ts. In the locale's weekday names the sound of English ch is spelled ch and that of sh is sh, each as two ordinary letters: Chiposi, Chipiri, Chitatu, Chinai, Chishanu.
Sena words in the locale: days, months and dates
The week in Sena mixes two sources. Sunday and Saturday are borrowed from Portuguese and reshaped to Sena sound patterns: Dimingu (domingo) and Sabudu (sábado). The working days are counted: Chiposi is Monday, and Tuesday to Friday are Chipiri, Chitatu, Chinai and Chishanu, built on the Bantu numbers -piri, -tatu, -nai and -shanu (two, three, four, five), the same counting roots heard across south-central Africa.
The months are Portuguese names in Sena spelling: Janeiro, Fevreiro, Marco, Abril, Maio, Junho, Julho, Augusto, Setembro, Otubro, Novembro, Decembro. Sena spells both with a plain c: Marco (Portuguese Março) and Decembro (Portuguese Dezembro). A full date in the locale reads Chitatu, 21 de Otubro de 2026 (Wednesday, 21 October 2026), with the Portuguese de linking day, month and year; the short form is 21/10/2026.
How to type accents in Sena locale text: ç, ã, õ, â and the rest
Most Sena typing needs nothing beyond A to Z. For the accented letters, the Portuguese (Brazil ABNT) layout uses dead keys for vowel accents and has a dedicated key for ç; on Windows the US-International layout also uses dead keys: type ' then a for á, then a for à, then a for â, then a for ã, and ' then c for ç. With the Alt key and the number pad, á is Alt0225, à Alt0224, â Alt0226, ã Alt0227, ç Alt0231, é Alt0233, ê Alt0234, í Alt0237, ó Alt0243, ô Alt0244, õ Alt0245 and ú Alt0250; the capitals Ç and à are Alt0199 and Alt0195.
On a Mac, OptionE then a letter gives the acute (á é í ó ú), Option the grave (à ò), OptionI the circumflex (â ê ô), OptionN the tilde (ã õ) and OptionC gives ç. On Android and iPhone keyboards, hold a vowel or c for a moment and pick the accent from the row that pops up. In HTML the entities are ç, ã, õ, â, ê and ô.
Numbers, the metical and quotation marks
The Sena locale writes numbers the Portuguese way, with a full stop between thousands and a comma before decimals: 1.234.567,89. Mozambique's currency, the metical (code MZN), has no Unicode sign of its own; CLDR's Sena locale names it Metical de Moçambique and puts its symbol after the amount, as in 1.234,50MTn, while shops and banks usually write MT. Malawi's kwacha is written MK.
For quotations, the curly marks “ ” and ‘ ’ are in the grid. The closing single quote ’ doubles as the typographic apostrophe, so it is the one to paste whenever a text needs an apostrophe that looks right.
Where the Sena language is spoken
Sena is a Bantu language of the lower Zambezi valley in central Mozambique, spoken in the provinces of Sofala, Tete, Manica and Zambezia. It takes its name from Sena, the old town on the south bank of the Zambezi that was one of the first Portuguese trading posts in the interior in the sixteenth century. Mozambique's 2017 census counted more than 1.5 million people aged five or older whose mother tongue was Cisena, where Portuguese is the official language and the main language of schooling.
Sena also crosses the border into southern Malawi, where it is spoken in the lower Shire valley around Nsanje and Chikwawa, which is why searches for Sena people, songs and dances so often add Malawi. Chichewa (Nyanja) is a related Bantu language of the region, and its neighbours include Ndau, Shona and Lomwe; each has its own collection here, as do Portuguese, Makhuwa, Tsonga and Yao, and the Mozambique and Malawi collections gather each country's flag, money and emoji.
How to use them
5 situationsคลิกเพื่อคัดลอกSena Language Characters (Chisena) combos
10ควรรู้
- In CLDR's Sena locale the week counts up: Chipiri, Chitatu, Chinai and Chishanu, Tuesday to Friday, are built on the Bantu numbers two, three, four and five, while Sunday and Saturday, Dimingu and Sabudu, come from Portuguese.
- The CLDR Sena locale spells March as Marco, with a plain c (Portuguese writes Março), even though ç appears in its exemplar set for locale text.
- The Dona Ana Bridge, which carries the Sena railway line across the Zambezi beside the town of Sena, is about 3.7 km long and was among the longest railway bridges in Africa when it opened in the 1930s.
- The flag of Mozambique, home to more than 1.5 million people aged five or older who reported Cisena as their mother tongue in the 2017 census, is the only national flag that shows a modern rifle: an AK-47 crossed with a hoe over an open book.
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7What is the Sena language?
Sena, or Chisena, is a Bantu language of the lower Zambezi valley in central Mozambique, also spoken in southern Malawi. Mozambique's 2017 census counted more than 1.5 million people aged five or older with Cisena as their mother tongue. It is written in the Latin alphabet.
Where is the Sena language spoken?
Mainly in the Mozambican provinces of Sofala, Tete, Manica and Zambezia along the Zambezi, and in southern Malawi in the lower Shire valley around Nsanje and Chikwawa.
Does standard Chisena spelling use accent marks?
The standard Chisena orthography has about three dozen graphemes, including multiletter forms such as bh, ch, dz, ng’, ny, pf, ps and ts; Portuguese accent marks are not part of that inventory.
Is Sena the same as Chichewa?
No. Sena and Chichewa (Nyanja) are separate, related Bantu languages of the same region, and both use letter pairs such as ch; Chichewa has its own collection here.
What are the days of the week in Sena?
In the CLDR Sena locale: Dimingu (Sunday), Chiposi (Monday), Chipiri (Tuesday), Chitatu (Wednesday), Chinai (Thursday), Chishanu (Friday) and Sabudu (Saturday).
How do I type ç and ã on my keyboard?
On Windows hold Alt and type 0231 for ç or 0227 for ã on the number pad, or use the US-International layout (' then c, then a). On a Mac press OptionC for ç and OptionN then a for ã. On a phone, hold c or a and choose the accent.
What currency do Sena speakers use?
In Mozambique it is the metical (MZN), written MT; it has no Unicode sign, and the Sena locale writes it after the amount as 1.234,50MTn. In Malawi the kwacha is written MK.
