What 𐮩 means
It denotes one inside the Psalter Pahlavi numeral system. This sign writes the value one in quantities within Middle Persian text. The system also uses signs for two, three, four, ten, twenty, and one hundred, combining them to build larger values.
Psalter Pahlavi is a conservative form of Pahlavi, a script used to write Middle Persian. It descends from Aramaic writing, used for an older West Asian language, and is related to Inscriptional and Book Pahlavi, other Pahlavi writing styles. Its main witness is the Pahlavi Psalter, a fragmentary Christian manuscript of the biblical Psalms found at Bulayiq near Turfan. The manuscript is probably from the 6th or 7th century CE.
É. Skjærvø has argued that the text's language and spelling could place it as early as the 4th century CE; that possibility concerns the text, not the surviving manuscript. A bronze cross carried in procession at Herat, dated to ca. 8th century, supplies another witness. Psalter Pahlavi also supplied several letter forms used for Avestan, a separate Iranian sacred language.
How do I type or display 𐮩?
Use Unicode hex entry or a character map. In software with hexadecimal Unicode input, enter 10BA9; the exact shortcut depends on your operating system and editor. If hex entry is unavailable, select it from a character map.
Psalter Pahlavi reads right to left, and numerals one through four are right-joining: their displayed forms depend on neighboring characters. A Unicode-capable font and software with right-to-left text shaping are needed; without them, the code point can be present while the glyph is missing or malformed.
Specialist and historical: it belongs in a transcription, font test, or script discussion, not as a casual substitute for the modern digit 1.
A blank box usually means the font lacks this glyph.
Part of the collection
Who writes 𐮩
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Questions people ask
1Why does 𐮩 change shape?
It can: numerals one through four are right-joining, so neighboring characters can change their displayed form. Right-to-left layout and shaping control how the sequence appears.
How to type or find 𐮩
- Search it as
- Pahlavi 1 · Psalter 1 · Pahlavi numeral · Middle Persian numerals · Pahlavi numbers · Psalter Pahlavi numerals · number signs in Pahlavi · Pahlavi digit 1
- Shows up in
- Anything that takes text · its shape is whatever your font draws
𐮩\10BA9Codes and encoding1 code points
A visible symbol can contain several code points. JS .length counts UTF-16 units; UTF-8 counts bytes.

