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Welsh alphabet
The single-character letters of the Welsh alphabet in Welsh order, capital and small, with every accented form lined up by accent; the circumflex (to bach) comes first because it is by far the most common. The eight two-character letters ch dd ff ng ll ph rh th are typed as two keys, so they have no cells of their own: ch comes after c, dd after d, ff after f, ng after g, ll after l, ph after p, rh after r and th after t. K, Q, V, X and Z are not Welsh letters.
Quotation marks and apostrophe
Welsh uses the same quotation marks as English; ’ is also the apostrophe of i’r, a’r and mae’n.
Currency
The pound sterling in Wales; $ for the Argentine peso in Welsh Patagonia.
Where it's spoken
Wales first, then the United Kingdom, then Welsh Patagonia in Argentina.
Welsh in emoji
The red dragon (y Ddraig Goch), 🌼 for the daffodil (there is no daffodil or leek emoji), the harp of the eisteddfod, rugby, the carved lovespoon and the castles.
地図
読み込み中…
The Welsh alphabet: 29 letters, eight of them doubles
The Welsh alphabet runs a b c ch d dd e f ff g ng h i j l ll m n o p ph r rh s t th u w y. That is 29 letters: the traditional 28, plus j, which came in with borrowed words such as jam and garej (garage), and is now part of the standard alphabet. Welsh writes the v sound with a single f (afon, river), the f sound with ff (ffordd, road) and the k sound with c, which is always hard, so k, q, v, x and z are not part of the alphabet.
Eight letters are written with two characters but count as one: ch as in Scottish loch, dd as th in this, ff, ng, ll, ph, rh and th as in thin. Unicode has no single characters for them, so you type both keys, but Welsh dictionaries sort them as letters of their own: ch comes after c, ng straight after g, ll after l. The famous ll is a voiceless l: put your tongue in place for l and blow, as in Llanelli and Llandudno.
Welsh also has two vowels English treats as consonants. W is a vowel like oo in cwm (valley) and cwtch (a cuddle), and y is a vowel with two sounds, as in mynydd (mountain). That gives Welsh seven vowels, a e i o u w y, and every one of them can carry an accent, which is why the symbol grid above has Ŵ ŵ Ŷ ŷ and the rarer Ẃ ẃ Ẁ ẁ Ẅ ẅ Ỳ ỳ.
Welsh letters with accents: the to bach and the others
The accent you will see most is the circumflex, called the to bach (little roof): â ê î ô û ŵ ŷ. It marks a long vowel and keeps apart words that are otherwise spelled alike: tân (fire) and tan (until), môr (sea) and mor (so), gwên (smile) and gwen (white, feminine). Many everyday words carry it: dŵr (water), tŷ (house), gŵr (husband), and place names such as Ynys Môn (Anglesey) and Pen Llŷn (the Llŷn Peninsula). Leaving the roof off is a spelling mistake, not a style choice.
The acute accent marks a stressed final syllable where Welsh would normally stress the one before it, as in casáu (to hate) and loanwords like carafán (caravan). The grave accent marks a short vowel where a long one would be expected, as in mẁg (mug) against mwg (smoke) and pàs (a pass) against pas (whooping cough). The diaeresis shows that a vowel is said on its own instead of running into its neighbour: copïo (to copy), gweddïo (to pray). These three are much rarer than the to bach, but they belong to standard spelling, so all of them are here.
How to type Welsh accents: ŵ, ŷ and the rest
On Windows, add the United Kingdom Extended keyboard (Settings, Time & language, Language, keyboards). It keeps the normal UK layout and adds dead keys: AltGr6 and then a vowel gives the to bach, including ŵ and ŷ, and AltGr with a vowel gives the acute, á é í ó ú.
Without that layout, hold Alt and type on the number pad: Alt0226 â, Alt0234 ê, Alt0238 î, Alt0244 ô, Alt0251 û, Alt0163 . Ŵ and ŷ have no Alt0 codes; in Word type 0175 and press AltX for ŵ, 0177 then AltX for ŷ (0174 and 0176 for the capitals). On a Mac, OptionI then a vowel gives â ê î ô û; for ŵ and ŷ switch to the ABC Extended keyboard and press Option6, then w or y. On iPhone and Android, add the Welsh (Cymraeg) keyboard and hold down a vowel, w or y to slide to its accented forms. In HTML the named entities are ŵ ŷ â ê and so on, or paste the letters straight from this page.
Mutations and the apostrophe: why Cymru becomes Gymru
Welsh first letters change after certain words, a feature called mutation. Cymru (Wales) becomes Gymru in Croeso i Gymru (welcome to Wales), Caerdydd (Cardiff) becomes i Gaerdydd (to Cardiff), and tadau (fathers) becomes fy nhadau (my fathers), as in the national anthem's title Hen Wlad fy Nhadau. Mutations use the ordinary letters of the alphabet, so they need no extra characters, but they explain why a word you look up may start with a different letter in a sentence. The letter ph, in fact, appears in native words almost only as a mutation of p: pen (head), ei phen (her head).
The apostrophe is busy too. Welsh writes short forms of the article and particles with it: i’r (to the), a’r (and the), mae’n braf (it’s fine), dw i’n (I am). Quotation marks are the same shapes as in English, ‘…’ and “…”, with the curly ’ doubling as the apostrophe.
Where Welsh is spoken
CLDR estimates about 920,000 Welsh speakers, some 890,000 of them in the United Kingdom , nearly all in Wales ; the 2021 census counted 538,300 people in Wales aged three and over who can speak it, 17.8 % of the population. Welsh is an official language in Wales alongside English, and road signs, schools and the Senedd use both. Money is the pound sterling, written before the amount: 5.50.
The other Welsh-speaking community is in Patagonia, Argentina , where settlers founded Y Wladfa (the colony) in 1865; CLDR puts it at about 31,000 speakers, and Welsh is still taught there and heard in towns such as Gaiman and Trelew. Prices there are in Argentine pesos, written with . Welsh is a Brittonic Celtic language, closest to Breton and Cornish, and more distantly related to Irish and Scottish Gaelic. See the Breton and Irish collections for their letters, the English collection for the other language of Wales, and the United Kingdom and Argentina collections for the emoji of each country.
How to use them
6 situationsクリックしてコピーWelsh Alphabet & Accents combos
14知っておくとよいこと
- Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch on Anglesey has 58 characters but only 51 letters in Welsh, because each ll and ch counts as one letter.
- The Welsh dragon is missing from the Union Jack : Wales was treated as part of the Kingdom of England when the union flags were designed.
- The accented w's Ẃ ẃ Ẁ ẁ Ẅ ẅ are rare letters whose best-known use is in Welsh, where they appear in a handful of words such as mẁg and gẃraidd. Ŵ and ŵ even have their own HTML entity names, Ŵ and ŵ.
- Because w is a vowel in Welsh, words like cwm (valley) and cwtch (cuddle) have no a, e, i, o or u at all; cwm even made it into English as a geography term for a hollow in the mountains.
よくある質問
8How many letters are in the Welsh alphabet?
29: a b c ch d dd e f ff g ng h i j l ll m n o p ph r rh s t th u w y. Eight of them (ch dd ff ng ll ph rh th) are written with two characters. Older lists give 28, without j.
What are the Welsh letters with roofs?
The roof is the circumflex, the to bach: â ê î ô û ŵ ŷ. It marks a long vowel and tells words apart, as in tân (fire) and tan (until).
How to type Welsh accents in Word?
Use the United Kingdom Extended keyboard and press AltGr6 then the vowel for ŵ, ŷ, â and the rest. Or type the code and press AltX: 0175 for ŵ, 0177 for ŷ, 0174 for Ŵ, 0176 for Ŷ.
How to type ŵ?
Windows: UK Extended keyboard, AltGr6 then w, or 0175 then AltX in Word. Mac: ABC Extended keyboard, Option6 then w. Phone: add the Welsh keyboard and hold w. Or copy ŵ from this page.
Are there letters missing from the Welsh alphabet?
Welsh writes the v sound with f, the f sound with ff and the k sound with c, so k, q, v, x and z are not among its 29 letters.
Is there a Welsh flag emoji?
Yes, Flag: Wales, a tag-sequence emoji added in 2017 together with England's and Scotland's. Copy it from this page; devices that don't support it show a plain black flag instead.
What are the Welsh special characters?
The accented vowels â ê î ô û ŵ ŷ (to bach), á é í ó ú ẃ ý (acute), à è ì ò ù ẁ ỳ (grave) and ä ë ï ö ü ẅ ÿ (diaeresis), the apostrophe ’ in i’r and mae’n, and for money.
How do I copy and paste Welsh letters?
Click or tap any letter on this page to copy it, then paste with CtrlV, CmdV, or long-press and Paste on a phone.
