What ꬳ means
It marks a centralized e-like vowel in phonetic notation.
In Teuthonista, this barred e marks an e-like vowel made with the tongue nearer the middle of the mouth. Related dialect atlases use barred-e forms for central-vowel distinctions. Each work's key sets the exact sound.
When ꬳ appears in a transcription, check that work's key before assigning it a sound.
How did the barred e enter dialect transcription?
It belongs to a growing family of dialect-writing systems. Special phonetic characters were already in use in the 19th century. Johann Andreas Schmeller, Oskar Brenner, and Otto Bremer proposed early dialect systems; Philipp Lenz had developed a system by 1900. In 1924/25, Hermann Teuchert presented a slightly modified form in the journal Teuthonista.
Researchers combined Latin letters with modifiers to record pronunciation differences ordinary spelling could blur. The Böhmer–Ascoli transcription tradition links this work with Italian and Swiss dialectology. The Atlas Linguarum Europae, a project mapping European dialects, also carried related barred-vowel conventions.
Specialist phonetic notation; the source's key controls its reading.
A horizontal bar alone does not determine the vowel; check the notation key.
Who writes ꬳ
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What it means when someone sends it to you
2 readingsA strongly centralized e-like vowel; that work's key gives the exact value.
Don't confuse it with
3
e̶ This is e plus a combining overlay, a different character sequence from ꬳ. A font may place the overlay unevenly.
Questions people ask
2Is ꬳ an IPA symbol?
No. It is used in Teuthonista and related dialect transcription. The International Phonetic Alphabet has separate symbols for vowel sounds.
Why does ꬳ look different in some text?
It can. The font determines how the letter is drawn, and a font without this character may show a missing-glyph box.
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How to type or find ꬳ
- Also called
- barred e · horizontal barred e · Teuthonista e
- Search it as
- e with horizontal bar · phonetic e · dialect transcription e
- Shows up in
- Anything that takes text · its shape is whatever your font draws
ꬳ\AB33AB33 and confirm.ꬳ in HTML; the browser decodes it as ꬳ.\uAB33 in a JavaScript or JSON string, or write ꬳ directly.ab33, then press Enter.AB33, then press AltX to turn the hexadecimal value into ꬳ.Codes and encoding1 code points
A visible symbol can contain several code points. JS .length counts UTF-16 units; UTF-8 counts bytes.