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left semidirect product

Left semidirect product

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⋋ is a semidirect product symbol used in group theory: it combines two mathematical groups while allowing one to act on the other. That action determines how their elements combine. The word “left” does not by itself tell you which group acts; check the author's convention.

Text symbol

What ⋋ means

A group is a mathematical collection with a rule for combining its elements, such as rotations combined by performing one after another. A semidirect product builds a group from two groups. One acts on the other: its elements transform the other group's elements while preserving their rule for combining.

The symmetries of a square give a concrete example. They combine rotations with reflections. Reflecting reverses the direction of a rotation, so the two parts interact. A direct product, written with , combines the two components independently. If the action in a semidirect product leaves every element unchanged, it reduces to a direct product.

When reading a formula containing ⋋, look for the definition of the action and the order of the two groups. Authors use different left/right conventions, so the symbol's name alone does not settle those choices.

Specialist mathematical notation, especially in group theory.

Do not infer which group acts from the symbol's direction alone.

Part of collections

Don't confuse it with

3

How to type or find ⋋

Also called
leftthreetimes · lthree
Search it as
semidirect product symbol
Shows up in
Anything that takes text · its shape is whatever your font draws
Windows (Word)
⎇Alt+XType 22CB, then AltX to get ⋋.
Windows
⊞Win+Rrun charmap for the full table, or use the emoji picker's Ω symbols tab (Win .).
macOS
⌃Control+⌘Command+␣SpaceOpen the character viewer and search “left semidirect product”.
Linux
⎈Ctrl+⇧Shift+UType 22cb, then Enter or Space.
HTML
⋋
CSS
\22CB
LaTeX
Load amssymb, then use \leftthreetimes in math mode.
Codes and encoding1 code points
HTML decimal
⋋
HTML hex
⋋
CSS content
content: "\22CB";
Each escape is closed by the next backslash; a trailing space is needed before a literal hex digit.
URL encoded
%E2%8B%8B
1
On screen
1
Code points
1
JS .length
3
UTF-8 bytes

A visible symbol can contain several code points. JS .length counts UTF-16 units; UTF-8 counts bytes.

Families this belongs to

1

Maths & numbers1,835 symbols