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72คลิกที่สัญลักษณ์เพื่อคัดลอกและเปิดหน้าของสัญลักษณ์นั้น
Basque alphabet (euskal alfabetoa)
27 letters in Basque order, with Ñ after N, plus Ç, a variant of C. C, Q, V, W and Y appear only in foreign words and names. Basque writes no accent marks.
Basque punctuation
Questions and exclamations take only the closing mark: Zer moduz?
Currency and where it's spoken
Largest first, by CLDR estimates.
The Basque Country in emoji
There is no Ikurriña flag emoji, so its red, white and green go into hearts.
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The Basque alphabet: 27 letters, no accents
Basque (euskara) is written in the Latin alphabet under the rules of Euskaltzaindia, the Royal Academy of the Basque Language. The alphabet has 27 letters: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N Ñ O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z. Ñ is a letter of its own and sorts right after N, as in Spanish.
Five of those letters are guests: C, Q, V, W and Y appear only in foreign words and names. Basque spelling writes the k sound with k, never c or qu (kafea, coffee; kalea, street), and the b sound with b, not v. The Unicode CLDR alphabet for Basque also lists Ç ç, which the Academy treats as a variant of C; you meet it in old spellings and some names, hardly ever in everyday words.
What Basque does not have surprises people who know Spanish or French: no accent marks at all. There is no á, é or í, and stress is never written. If you search for Basque accent letters, Ñ is the only marked letter you need, plus Ç on rare occasions.
Basque letters and sounds: tx, tz, ts, x, z and ñ
Basque makes up for its plain letters with combinations. tx is the ch of English church: etxe (house), txakolina (the local white wine), txapela (the Basque beret). x alone is the sh of shop: Kaixo! (hello).
Basque keeps apart two s sounds that English hears as one. z is a flat s made with the tip of the tongue down, s a sharper s made with the tip raised, a little towards sh; neither is the th of Spanish z. Each has a matching affricate: tz as in zortzi (eight) and hitz (word), ts as in itsaso (sea). The difference tells words apart, so writers keep the letters straight.
Ñ is the ny of canyon, often with an affectionate ring: Iñaki, Iñigo, andereño (a woman teacher in a Basque school). ll, dd and tt write other palatal sounds, rr a rolled r. h is silent for most speakers in Spain but still breathed in parts of the French Basque Country, and j is pronounced like Spanish j in some areas and like English y in others.
Basque punctuation: « », “ ” and only one question mark
Standard Basque closes a question or exclamation with ? or ! and does not open it with the Spanish ¿ or ¡: Zer moduz? (How are you?), Zorionak! (Congratulations! / Happy birthday!). You will still see ¿ and ¡ in texts by writers used to Spanish, but the Academy's norm leaves them out.
For quotations Basque typography uses the angle quotes « », with “ ” for a quote inside a quote, and the long dash — to open lines of dialogue in books. Prices are in euros, usually written after the number: 20 .
How to type Basque letters: ñ, ç and « »
Windows: hold Alt and type on the number pad Ñ 0209, ñ 0241, Ç 0199, ç 0231, « 0171, » 0187, 0128. On the United States-International layout type then n for ñ, or ' then c for ç. Keyboards sold in Spain have their own Ñ and Ç keys, and the French AZERTY keyboard types ç on the 9 key.
Mac: Option N, then N, gives ñ (Shift for Ñ); Option C gives ç; on a US layout Option \ and Option Shift \ give « and ». You can also hold n or c and pick from the pop-up. Phones: long-press n or c; the Basque keyboard on Gboard and the built-in Spanish and French keyboards all have ñ and ç. HTML: ñ, ç, «, ».
Where Basque is spoken, and the Basque flag emoji
Basque is spoken in the Basque Country (Euskal Herria) on both sides of the western Pyrenees: in the Basque Autonomous Community and Navarre in Spain and in the Northern Basque Country in France . CLDR estimates around 1 million speakers, about 950,000 in Spain and 90,000 in France. It is co-official in the Basque Autonomous Community and in the Basque-speaking part of Navarre; in France it has no official status.
Basque is a language isolate: it is not related to Spanish, French or any other living language, and it was spoken in the region before Latin arrived. Its neighbours are written very differently, so see the Spanish, French, Catalan, Galician and Occitan collections for their letters.
People search for a Basque flag emoji, but the Ikurriña (red with a green saltire and a white cross) is not on emoji keyboards. Basques type the colours instead: or , often next to or . The four-armed Basque cross, the lauburu, has no Unicode character either.
How to use them
5 situationsคลิกเพื่อคัดลอกBasque Alphabet & Letters combos
14ควรรู้
- Basque is the only surviving pre-Indo-European language of Western Europe; it has no proven relatives anywhere.
- Standard Basque, euskara batua, is young: Euskaltzaindia set out its basis in 1968, and its spelling of h was hotly argued over at the time.
- The rare letters show a word is borrowed: Basque writes kafea, not cafe, and txokolatea for chocolate, turning the ch sound into tx.
- Basque names its own language and land with the same root: euskara (the language), euskaldun (a Basque speaker) and Euskal Herria (the Basque Country).
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8What letters are in the Basque alphabet?
27: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N Ñ O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z. C, Q, V, W and Y appear only in foreign words, and Ç is a rare variant of C.
Does Basque have accent marks?
No. Standard Basque writes no accents and never marks stress. Ñ is the only letter with a mark in everyday words.
Is there a Basque flag emoji?
No. The Ikurriña is not an emoji, so people type its colours as hearts: or , often with or .
How to type ñ on a laptop?
On Windows hold Alt and type 0241 (0209 for Ñ) on the number pad, or use the US-International layout: then n. On a Mac press Option N, then N. On a phone long-press n.
How do you pronounce tx, tz and ts in Basque?
tx is English ch (etxe, house). tz and ts are both like ts, tz with a flatter tongue (zortzi, eight) and ts with the tongue tip raised (itsaso, sea).
Does Basque use ¿ and ¡?
Not in the standard: Basque ends a question with ? and an exclamation with ! and does not open them. Zer moduz? Zorionak!
How many people speak Basque?
CLDR estimates around 1 million speakers, about 950,000 in Spain and 90,000 in France. Counts vary with how fluency is measured.
Is Basque related to Spanish?
No. Basque is a language isolate with no known relatives. It has borrowed many words from Latin and Spanish, but its grammar and core vocabulary are its own.
