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⃛

combining three dots above

Combining Three Dots Above

This is a combining mark: it attaches to the character before it, and its meaning depends on the notation. Over a variable such as x, it marks the third derivative with respect to time; in Stokoe sign-language notation, it marks curled or flexed fingers. Enter it immediately after its base.

Text symbol
Also called
triple-dot mark
Search it as
triple overdot · three dots over a letter · third time derivative · Stokoe notation · Stokoe handshape · combining dots
Shows up in
Anything that takes text · its shape is whatever your font draws

What ⃛ means

In math: a third time derivative; in Stokoe: curled or flexed fingers.

In calculus and physics, a triple overdot marks a third derivative with respect to time, so x⃛ represents the third rate of change of x. The one-, two-, and three-dot forms belong to Newtonian dot notation. Newton's surviving papers from 1665–1666 use dotted or dashed letters for fluxions, his term for rates of change; the notation was communicated publicly in 1693. In 1960, William Stokoe's notation for sign language used the triple dot for a handshape with curled or flexed fingers. These readings come from separate traditions.

How do I type a triple dot above a letter?

Enter the base first, then the combining mark immediately after it.

In plain text, type x followed immediately by ⃛ to form x⃛. Math editors may offer a triple-overdot command; text input uses the combining mark after the character.

If it appears over a dotted circle or floats alone, the circle is a display aid. The mark needs a preceding character, and fonts and renderers determine how high the dots sit.

Technical and specialized; its documented settings are equations and sign-language notation.

Do not read it as an ellipsis: it attaches above a base and takes meaning from the notation.

What it means when someone sends it to you

2 readings
X⃛ in a calculus or physics formula
Third derivative with respect to time.
V⃛ in Stokoe notation
The handshape has curled or flexed fingers.

Don't confuse it with

2

Combination ideas

2
Third derivative of x with respect to time in Newtonian dot notation.
Curled or flexed fingers in Stokoe handshape notation.

Questions people ask

2

Why is the triple dot floating?

It is a combining mark that needs a preceding base. By itself, a font or renderer may place it beside a dotted circle, leave it floating, or show nothing.

Can I use it in ordinary writing?

You can, but readers may not know its technical reading without a formula or explanation. It fits naturally in calculus notation or Stokoe sign-language writing.

How to type ⃛

Windows (Word)
Alt+XType 20DB, then Alt+X to get ⃛.
Windows
Win+Rrun charmap for the full table, or use the emoji picker's Ω symbols tab (Win + .).
macOS
Control+Command+SpaceOpen the character viewer and search “combining three dots above”.
Linux
Ctrl+Shift+UType 20db, then Enter or Space.
HTML
⃛
CSS
\20DB
x⃛
Type x, then insert the combining mark immediately after it, with no space.
Math editor
Use the editor's triple-overdot command if it provides one; the exact input depends on the software.
Codes and encoding1 code points
HTML decimal
⃛
HTML hex
⃛
CSS content
content: "\20DB";
Each escape is closed by the next backslash; a trailing space is needed before a literal hex digit.
URL encoded
%E2%83%9B
1
On screen
1
Code points
1
JS .length
3
UTF-8 bytes

A visible symbol can contain several code points. JS .length counts UTF-16 units; UTF-8 counts bytes.

Families this belongs to

1

Accents & marks659 symbols