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ᵆ

modifier letter small turned ae

Modifier Letter Small Turned Ae

ᵆ is the superscript modifier of ᴂ, used in Uralic Phonetic Alphabet (UPA) transcription. In UPA, superscripting marks very short sounds and turning marks reduction. Finnish linguist E. N. Setälä proposed it in 1901; ᵆ has no universal value in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).

Text symbol
Search it as
UPA · FUT · turned ae · superscript ae · reduced vowel
Shows up in
Anything that takes text · its shape is whatever your font draws

What ᵆ means

ᵆ marks a very short, reduced turned-ae element in UPA. UPA transcribes speech sounds; context supplies the exact value.

The difference between ᵆ and ᴂ is size and role: ᴂ is the full-sized letter; ᵆ is its superscript counterpart. A UPA proposal includes a 1956 example by Lehtisalo with the modifier form.

Is ᵆ an IPA symbol? It has no universal IPA value; its UPA use is system-specific. As a modifier letter, it occupies its own character position instead of combining graphically with the previous letter. Font design affects its apparent spacing.

Don't confuse it with

4
ᴂ
Latin Small Letter Turned Ae
shares “ae”, “letter”, “small”, “turned”
ᵄ
Modifier Letter Small Turned A
shares “letter”, “modifier”, “small”, “turned”
ᵌ
Modifier Letter Small Turned Open E
shares “letter”, “modifier”, “small”, “turned”
ᵎ
Modifier Letter Small Turned I
shares “letter”, “modifier”, “small”, “turned”

Questions people ask

1

Why does ᵆ show as a box on some devices?

Because that device's fonts have no glyph for it. The character is still correct and still copies correctly — the box is a missing glyph, not a broken character.

How to type ᵆ

Windows (Word)
Alt+XType 1D46, then Alt+X to get ᵆ.
Windows
Win+Rrun charmap for the full table, or use the emoji picker's Ω symbols tab (Win + .).
macOS
Control+Command+SpaceOpen the character viewer and search “modifier letter small turned ae”.
Linux
Ctrl+Shift+UType 1d46, then Enter or Space.
HTML
ᵆ
CSS
\1D46
Codes and encoding1 code points
HTML decimal
ᵆ
HTML hex
ᵆ
CSS content
content: "\1D46";
Each escape is closed by the next backslash; a trailing space is needed before a literal hex digit.
URL encoded
%E1%B5%86
1
On screen
1
Code points
1
JS .length
3
UTF-8 bytes

A visible symbol can contain several code points. JS .length counts UTF-16 units; UTF-8 counts bytes.

Families this belongs to

1

Latin letters1,379 symbols

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