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⨾

z notation relational composition

Z Notation Relational Composition

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⨾ links two relations in sequence, so a value produced by the first can feed the second. In Z, a notation for precise software specifications, it can also connect operations through an intermediate state. The semicolon convention behind relational composition is traced to 1895; Z was standardized internationally in 2002.

Text symbol

What ⨾ means

It composes two relations through a shared intermediate value. In Z notation, relational composition means a result from the first relation can become an input to the second. The operator can also link operations, as in Check ⨾ Reserve: the first must leave a state the next can use.

The semicolon convention for relational composition predates Z; accounts trace it to Ernst Schröder's 1895 textbook. Z adopted composition for precise software specifications, and its international standard was published in 2002.

Specialist mathematical notation for Z specifications, where the operands' types and order determine the composition.

Don't confuse it with

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Questions people ask

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Why does ⨾ show as a box on some devices?

Because that device's fonts have no glyph for it. The character is still correct and still copies correctly — the box is a missing glyph, not a broken character.

How to type or find ⨾

Also called
fat semicolon
Search it as
z notation · relational composition · sequential composition · schema composition · z specification
Shows up in
Anything that takes text · its shape is whatever your font draws
Windows (Word)
⎇Alt+XType 2A3E, then AltX to get ⨾.
Windows
⊞Win+Rrun charmap for the full table, or use the emoji picker's Ω symbols tab (Win .).
macOS
⌃Control+⌘Command+␣SpaceOpen the character viewer and search “z notation relational composition”.
Linux
⎈Ctrl+⇧Shift+UType 2a3e, then Enter or Space.
HTML
⨾
CSS
\2A3E
Codes and encoding1 code points
HTML decimal
⨾
HTML hex
⨾
CSS content
content: "\2A3E";
Each escape is closed by the next backslash; a trailing space is needed before a literal hex digit.
URL encoded
%E2%A8%BE
1
On screen
1
Code points
1
JS .length
3
UTF-8 bytes

A visible symbol can contain several code points. JS .length counts UTF-16 units; UTF-8 counts bytes.

Families this belongs to

1

Maths & numbers1,835 symbols