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combining bridge above

Combining Bridge Above

In speech transcription, the dentolabial diacritic marks a consonant made with the upper lip against the lower teeth, as in p͆. It follows the consonant it modifies and belongs to specialist phonetic notation. The bridge’s position above the letter matters.

Text symbol

Search it as: ExtIPA · IPA · dentolabial · bridge below · phonetic diacritic · p͆ · m͆
Shows up in: Anything that takes text · its shape is whatever your font draws

What ͆ means

It marks upper-lip contact with the lower teeth. The Extended International Phonetic Alphabet (ExtIPA) extends the International Phonetic Alphabet for transcribing disordered speech. The place of articulation is the point in the mouth where a speech sound is made.

A revised 1997 ExtIPA chart for disordered speech uses it in p͆ and m͆. The dotted circle in ◌͆ stands in for the consonant the mark modifies. In the text sequence, the mark follows that consonant; font or text-layout support affects whether it appears in the intended position.

Specialist phonetic notation for speech sounds, not ordinary punctuation.

Don't confuse it with

◌̪

The bridge below, ◌̪, marks dental articulation: the tongue touches the teeth. Above, this mark signals upper-lip contact with the lower teeth.

Combination ideas

The IPA p consonant made with upper-lip contact against the lower teeth.

The IPA m consonant made with upper-lip contact against the lower teeth.

Questions people ask

Why is there a dotted circle around the mark?

The dotted circle placeholder stands in for the consonant the mark modifies when no consonant is shown. The circle is not part of the mark.

How to type ͆

Windows (Word)

Alt+XType 0346, then Alt+X to get ͆.

Windows

Win+Rrun charmap for the full table, or use the emoji picker's Ω symbols tab (Win + .).

macOS

Control+Command+SpaceOpen the character viewer and search “combining bridge above”.

Linux

Ctrl+Shift+UType 0346, then Enter or Space.

HTML

͆

CSS

\0346

How to type combining bridge above

With an app that supports hexadecimal Unicode input, enter 0346 after the consonant, then use the app’s conversion command. The mark follows its base consonant in the text; the activation keystroke varies by app.

Codes and encoding1 code points

HTML decimal

HTML hex

CSS content

content: "\0346";

Each escape is closed by the next backslash; a trailing space is needed before a literal hex digit.

URL encoded

%CD%86

On screen

Code points

JS .length

UTF-8 bytes

A visible symbol can contain several code points. JS .length counts UTF-16 units; UTF-8 counts bytes.

Families this belongs to

Accents & marks659 symbols

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