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combining right half ring below

Combining right half ring below

Under a letter, ̹ means pronounce that sound with more lip rounding than its unmarked form. It is used in IPA transcription to fine-tune a vowel, not as a standalone symbol. Because it is a combining mark, its position depends on the base letter and font.

Text symbol

Also called: subscript right half-ring · small-c diacritic
Search it as: IPA · phonetics · more rounded · lip rounding · rounded vowel · small c · e̹ · ɔ̹
Shows up in: Anything that takes text · its shape is whatever your font draws

What ̹ means

It marks a sound made with extra lip rounding.

The IPA's 1926 chart describes the instruction as “lips more rounded.” An annotated symbol list cites IPA sources beginning in 1949 for the subscript half-ring form. The International Phonetic Association developed the IPA to describe pronunciation and support teaching; this mark adds a fine-grained instruction to that system.

Why does the mark move or disappear?

The base letter and font decide where this mark lands.

Put the base first, then the mark; a nonspacing mark has no advance width of its own. With no base, it may appear on a dotted circle. A font without suitable positioning can place it awkwardly or make it hard to see. The dotted circle is a display placeholder, not part of the text sequence.

Specialist IPA notation: attached to a sound symbol, it specifies a more-rounded pronunciation.

Alone, it may look like an unattached mark rather than a complete phonetic notation.

Don't confuse it with

Combining Left Half Ring Below

In IPA, ̜ means less lip rounding; ̹ means more. They are opposite instructions.

Modifier Letter Centred Right Half Ring

This spacing modifier gives the same rounding instruction but stands beside a sound symbol instead of attaching below its base.

Combination ideas

IPA notation: pronounce the vowel e with more lip rounding.

IPA notation: pronounce the vowel ɔ with more lip rounding.

Questions people ask

Why does this combining mark show a dotted circle?

A dotted circle is a display placeholder that can show where an unattached mark belongs. It is not part of the text sequence; with a base present, the mark attaches to that character.

How to type ̹

Windows (Word)

Alt+XType 0339, then Alt+X to get ̹.

Windows

Win+Rrun charmap for the full table, or use the emoji picker's Ω symbols tab (Win + .).

macOS

Control+Command+SpaceOpen the character viewer and search “combining right half ring below”.

Linux

Ctrl+Shift+UType 0339, then Enter or Space.

HTML

̹

CSS

\0339

Base + mark

Type the base first, then append ̹; e̹ is one combining sequence.

Praat

Enter `e\3v` in Praat to produce e̹.

TIPA

Use `\textsubrhalfring{e}` in TIPA to typeset the subscript form.

Codes and encoding1 code points

HTML decimal

HTML hex

CSS content

content: "\0339";

Each escape is closed by the next backslash; a trailing space is needed before a literal hex digit.

URL encoded

%CC%B9

On screen

Code points

JS .length

UTF-8 bytes

A visible symbol can contain several code points. JS .length counts UTF-16 units; UTF-8 counts bytes.

Families this belongs to

Accents & marks659 symbols

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