What ̝ means
It raises vowels, or marks frication after an approximant. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system for writing speech sounds. In e̝, the mark means the vowel is articulated higher and closer, with the mouth more closed. After an approximant—a consonant made with a narrowed passage but without turbulent friction, represented here by ɹ—it indicates a fricative realization. The IPA began in Paris in 1886 as a pronunciation-teaching system.
The IPA archive starts with its alphabet in 1888 and records below-letter placement by 1947; the spacing raising sign ˔ could also be placed beneath a letter then. This mark combines with the preceding character, so its position depends on that letter and the font. Without suitable mark positioning, it can float or disappear.
Technical IPA notation: it modifies a speech sound rather than decorating a letter.
It needs a base letter; by itself, it does not specify a sound change.
What it means when someone sends it to you
2 readingsDon't confuse it with
2Questions people ask
1Why does the phonetic diacritic misalign?
Usually the font cannot position it well with the preceding letter. Try a font designed for phonetic notation, such as Charis SIL or Doulos SIL.
How to type ̝
̝\031DCodes and encoding1 code points
A visible symbol can contain several code points. JS .length counts UTF-16 units; UTF-8 counts bytes.