What ⨌ means
It means integrating a function four times. This is also called a fourfold integral; the surrounding formula shows the variables and ranges.
The 1675 story belongs to
Leibniz introduced in a private manuscript in 1675, shaping it like a long s from Latin summa (“sum”). He treated integration as adding tiny contributions. This history belongs to , not to the origin of ⨌.
Related characters
1
Questions people ask
1Does ⨌ always mean an integral over four-dimensional space?
No. It marks four integrations; the formula determines the variables and region, which may be four-dimensional.
More like this
10
How to type or find ⨌
- Also called
- iiiint · qint
- Search it as
- quadruple integral · fourfold integral
- Shows up in
- Anything that takes text · its shape is whatever your font draws
Windows (Word)
Windows
HTML
⨌CSS
\2A0CLaTeX command for quadruple integral
With the
amsmath package loaded, \iiiint typesets four spaced integral signs; it does not insert the single Unicode character ⨌.Codes and encoding1 code points
HTML decimal
⨌
HTML hex
⨌
CSS content
content: "\2A0C";
Each escape is closed by the next backslash; a trailing space is needed before a literal hex digit.
URL encoded
%E2%A8%8C
1
On screen
1
Code points
1
JS .length
3
UTF-8 bytes
A visible symbol can contain several code points. JS .length counts UTF-16 units; UTF-8 counts bytes.