Duployan Affix High Tight Acute

It marks an affix; the shorthand system sets its value.

An affix is a compact sign for a recurring word beginning or ending. Pernin’s English adaptation uses this one for “pro-”; another convention places it above and to the right of the following letter as a suffix.

How did French shorthand gain new roles?

It spread from note-taking into broader literacy uses.

Duployé simplified existing French shorthand in the 1860s for faster writing and easier learning. Pernin brought Duployan to the U.S. in 1877, then adapted it for English. From 1890, Lejeune adapted the wider system for Chinook Jargon and Indigenous languages in British Columbia; Kamloops Wawa printed it in 1891, and local communities used it for everyday reading and writing.