What ℰ means
In physics, ℰ can stand for electromotive force.
That is energy supplied per unit electric charge. In other formulas, a writer may use script E for a quantity defined by the surrounding notation.
Why does ℰ look different in mathematical fonts?
Because mathematical fonts can draw this same letter in different script styles.
Unicode 16.0's script chart uses a roundhand form; mathematical fonts may use chancery, a more slanted calligraphic style. Both render the same ℰ.
ℰ gives a formula a specialized mathematical or technical register.
A script E does not automatically mean electromotive force; check the formula.
Don't confuse it with
4Questions people ask
1Does ℰ always mean electromotive force?
No. Physics uses it for that quantity; a mathematical author can assign the same script letter a different meaning in a formula.
How to type ℰ
ℰ\2130Codes and encoding1 code points
A visible symbol can contain several code points. JS .length counts UTF-16 units; UTF-8 counts bytes.