Adlam Consonant Modifier

It lets an Adlam consonant stand for an added sound.

Place 𞥈 after an Adlam consonant. Together, the pair represents an extra consonant sound, mainly one borrowed from Arabic for writing Fula. For example, 𞤧𞥈 represents Arabic ص, an emphatic s made with the tongue drawn back; 𞤢𞥈 represents ع, a consonant made deep in the throat.

The Barry brothers developed Adlam in 1989 to write Fulani. Arabic writing inspired its right-to-left direction and letter joining, but Adlam is a separate script. This modifier helps represent Arabic consonants outside the basic Fula set.

How do I type the Adlam consonant modifier?

Enter the base consonant first, then 𞥈.

Use an Adlam-capable keyboard or input method. The mark has no complete consonant reading on its own; the base letter determines the result.

To mark a modified consonant as long, Adlam uses a separate length mark, 𞥉. 𞥈 changes the consonant sound; 𞥉 marks its length.