What 難 means
It represents 難, meaning “difficult” or “hardship.”
難 appears on Western Zhou bronze vessels. Shuowen Jiezi, an early Chinese character dictionary, says 難 first named a bird; writers later borrowed its form for “difficult.” Older Chinese also used it for calamity and a rite to drive off spirits, later written 儺.
Why does it become 難?
Text normalization, a cleanup step, maps it to 難.
That keeps the reading but loses which encoded form was present. Unicode defines 難 + U+FE01 (an invisible variation selector) to preserve this form through normalization.
Questions people ask
1Why does 難 show as a box on some devices?
Because that device's fonts have no glyph for it. The character is still correct and still copies correctly — the box is a missing glyph, not a broken character.
How to type 難
難\FAC7Codes and encoding1 code points
A visible symbol can contain several code points. JS .length counts UTF-16 units; UTF-8 counts bytes.
