What ✕ means
It means “times” or multiplication. Write it between factors, as in 3 ✕ 4, when you want the operation to be unmistakable. In dimensions, it means “by,” as in 1920 ✕ 1080, serving as a decorative counterpart to the standard multiplication sign .
It has no single inventor. A cross for multiplication appeared in an anonymous printed appendix in 1618, commonly attributed to William Oughtred. Oughtred used the cross in Clavis Mathematicae in 1631 to replace written words with compact mathematical notation.
It always had rivals. Writers also multiplied by placing quantities side by side, and Leibniz promoted the dot, writing in 1698 that X was too easy to confuse with the algebraic letter x.
Is ✕ a multiplication sign or a close button?
In text, read ✕ as multiplication unless layout clearly indicates an action. A number pair means multiply, and a width-height pair means “by.” Digital interfaces frequently borrow the glyph for a “close” or “dismiss” button, but that is a visual convention rather than the character's linguistic meaning.
Mathematical, technical, and neutral in dimensions; informal when borrowed as an interface icon.
What it means when someone sends it to you
3 readingsMultiply the first quantity by the second.
Don't confuse it with
5




Combination ideas
4Questions people ask
2Why use ✕ instead of the letter x?
The dedicated sign separates multiplication from the variable x. It keeps 3 ✕ 4 from reading as a word or unknown quantity.
What is the difference between ✕ and ?
is the primary mathematical operator for multiplication and dimensions. ✕ is an alternative typographic cross from the Dingbats set, often drawn with slightly different stroke weights.
Collections with ✕
9How to type or find ✕
- Also called
- times sign
- Search it as
- times · multiply · multiplication sign · x symbol · dimension x · close x
- Shows up in
- Anything that takes text · its shape is whatever your font draws
Codes and encoding1 code points
A visible symbol can contain several code points. JS .length counts UTF-16 units; UTF-8 counts bytes.




