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medieval comma

Medieval comma

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In a medieval manuscript, ⹌ tells the reader to pause briefly within a sentence. It belongs to the history that led to the modern comma. The mark’s precise force depended on the text and its copyist.

Text symbol

What ⹌ means

It marks a short pause or break in sense.

A manuscript held by Spain’s National Library shows the mark in the first half of the 13th century. Italian scribes used it especially widely in the 14th century.

Is ⹌ the same as the modern comma? Not quite: its use varied among copying workshops and texts. Other medieval marks distinguished pauses too: the virgula suspensiva marked a shorter break, while the punctus elevatus marked a stronger one. In modernized editions, editors may replace ⹌ with current punctuation. Different fonts can give the encoded character different outlines.

Part of the collection

Questions people ask

1

Why does ⹌ show as a box on some devices?

Not every system ships a font for the Supplemental Punctuation block. Where none is installed, the character shows as an empty box; adding a font such as Noto fixes it. The character itself is still correct and copies correctly.

How to type or find ⹌

Search it as
U+2E4C · 2E4C · history of the comma · virgula suspensiva · punctus elevatus
Shows up in
Anything that takes text · its shape is whatever your font draws
Windows (Word)
⎇Alt+XType 2E4C, then AltX to get ⹌.
Windows
⊞Win+Rrun charmap for the full table, or use the emoji picker's Ω symbols tab (Win .).
macOS
⌃Control+⌘Command+␣SpaceOpen the character viewer and search “medieval comma”.
Linux
⎈Ctrl+⇧Shift+UType 2e4c, then Enter or Space.
HTML
⹌
CSS
\2E4C
Source code
How do I type ⹌ in code? In a string, use \u2E4C in a programming language that supports four-digit Unicode escapes.
Codes and encoding1 code points
HTML decimal
⹌
HTML hex
⹌
CSS content
content: "\2E4C";
Each escape is closed by the next backslash; a trailing space is needed before a literal hex digit.
URL encoded
%E2%B9%8C
1
On screen
1
Code points
1
JS .length
3
UTF-8 bytes

A visible symbol can contain several code points. JS .length counts UTF-16 units; UTF-8 counts bytes.

Families this belongs to

1

Typography & punctuation332 symbols