Combining Parentheses Below

It marks a below diacritic’s effect as weakened or partial.

Teuthonista is a notation for recording fine speech distinctions in regional dialects, especially in Germanic and Romance languages such as Italian. ExtIPA extends the International Phonetic Alphabet, a system for writing speech sounds. In both settings, ᪽ qualifies the preceding below diacritic; the letter itself is not its direct target.

The notation family grew through several related systems. Carl Richard Lepsius’s General Linguistic Alphabet appeared in 1855; Italian linguist Graziadio Isaia Ascoli devised a related transcription system in 1873. Teuthonista took its name from a journal first published in 1924. A Unicode proposal concerning Teuthonista characters appeared in 2011; this mark entered Unicode in 2014.

How do I type combining parentheses below?

Place it after the below diacritic it qualifies.

Store the sequence as base letter + below diacritic + ᪽. In text order, the mark follows its target; when displayed, the parentheses flank that diacritic. A standalone insertion has no diacritic to qualify.

These parentheses sit beside their target instead of stacking vertically. Font support matters: inspect the complete base-plus-diacritic sequence because ᪽ may not be positioned as intended by fonts without phonetic-mark support.

Which combining parentheses mark should I use?

Choose by the diacritic’s position and whether the mark pairs or overlays it.

Use ᪻ for one pair around a diacritic above the base, and ᪼ for the double-parentheses version. ᪾ overlays a base letter or a mark that crosses it. The ExtIPA forms ᫃ and ᫄ are single edge parentheses that qualify a diacritic at a segment’s beginning or end; ᪽ is the paired form for a below diacritic.